Category Science

Apr 25 2026

Top Ten Space Films

Given all the recent and renewed attention to space travel thanks to the Artemis II mission and the popular film Project Hail Mary, let’s list the top ten best space exploration films to date. Keep in mind, this list will focus on films with more realistic space travel and exploring instead of fantastical fare like Star Wars, Star Trek or Alien that are more oriented towards action/adventure or horror. Feel free to drop a comment with your ideas, and now…

10. Europa Report

This film is unique in that it is a found-footage tale about a doomed human mission to Jupiter’s moon, Europa. The premise was well presented and underlined the film’s tension with the format of using a series of video diaries from the astronauts chronicling their voyage to Europa in search of life and what they find. This was a great example of a found-footage film done correctly with some solid performances and editing that heightened the film’s tension.

9. Ad Astra

Brad Pitt turns in a great performance in a sci-fi version of Heart of Darkness as McBride, a jaded astronaut who must journey to the edge of our solar system to find out what is causing devastating surges of cosmic rays and what happened to his father (Tommy Lee Jones). Along the way, as he makes stops in colonies on the Moon and Mars, he questions his lost emotional connections with his former wife and his estranged relationship with his father in this more grounded look at future space travel.

8. Silent Running

The strong environmental messages in this film can be over-the-top but still relevant in the pensive and quietly somber story of Freeman Lowell (Bruce Dern). Charged with taking care of Earth’s last remaining natural biomes in a massive spaceship, Lowell goes rogue after he is ordered to destroy the biomes and return to Earth. With a team of silent drones named Huey, Dewey and Louie, Lowell sets off on a lonely and emotional quest in the spaceship to preserve what is left of nature.

7. 2001: A Space Odyssey

This will be an unpopular opinion, but the film is quite dull and slow moving despite all the praise it receives for being so visionary. That may be true, as the film boasts then-revolutionary special effects that hold up nearly 60 years later and many iconic moments such as the murderous AI and a trippy sequence as astronaut David Bowman approaches an alien monolith. However, the film has a deliberately slow pace and dull characters. Nonetheless, for its impact on films it belongs on this list.

6. The Martian

Based on Andy Weir’s book, Matt Damon stars as Mark Watney, an astronaut left stranded on Mars after his fellow astronauts believed him to be dead. By himself and with limited resources, Watney has to use his ingenuity to find a way to survive on the red planet and make contact with Earth. The use of real science to emphasize the difficulty of surviving on Mars and the logistics needed to rescue him were one of The Martian’s best highlights, though it could have used less of an annoying disco soundtrack and some missplaced humor.

5. Apollo 13

The true story of the heroic efforts to return the crew of the Apollo 13 lunar mission back to Earth was one of director Ron Howard’s most riveting and exciting films. Apollo 13 was buoyed by strong performances from Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton and Ed Harris and brilliant directing by Howard. The director also cleverly used a technique of filming on a plane flying in a parabolic pattern to realistically create zero gravity in scenes onboard the space capsule, which was a great highlight.

4. Sunshine

Director Danny Boyle helmed this great sci-fi thriller about the desperate voyage of the Icarus II to our dying sun in order to restart it. Sunshine would have rated higher on the list if not for a bizarre left turn in the film’s third act but the ending was one of the most spiritual and awe-inspiring moments ever filmed for a sci-fi film. What made Sunshine stand out was its focus on the logistics of space travel, the increasing tension with the main characters who made the ultimate sacrifice to save our world, inspired imagery and terrific performances from the likes of Cillian Murphy, Michelle Yeoh and Chris Evans.

3. Project Hail Mary

Amaze! Amaze! Amaze! The most recent entry is one of the best space films ever made. Based on the book of the same name by Andy Weir, the film tells the story of Dr. Grace (Ryan Gosling), a former scientist turned science teacher sent on a mission to the solar system Tau Ceti to find out why the Earth’s sun and nearby stars are dying. Once there, Grace meets an alien he names Rocky and the two form a collaboration that turns into a genuine friendship as they try to find a way to save their worlds. This is Gosling’s best role and the film is bursting with real heart and emotion through the interactions with Rocky thanks to inspired direcing by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller.

2. Gravity

Gravity is an intense and at time terrifying look at the dangers of space travel that is grounded and heightened by a exemplary special effects and editing. Director Alfonso Cuarón deservedly won an Academy Award for directing this classic story of the sole survivor of a space shuttle mission trying to stay alive in near-Earth orbit after her ship is destroyed by space debris. Using continuous shots, silence and riveting music, Gravity paints a too-accurate and unnerving look at how perilous space travel is for those who choose to work in the inhospitable environment. Sandra Bullock truly excelled in one of her best performances as Dr Ryan Stone whose survival instincts propel her to stay alive during the harrowing ordeal.

1. Interstellar

Director Christopher Nolan’s masterpiece that uses real science to present a captivating sci-fi story about a father, Joseph Cooper (Mathhew McConaughey), who sets off on a last-ditch effort onboard the spaceship Endurance to save humanity by finding a new habitable world. The film utilized actual science to accurately depict a black hole, silent space, time dilation and intiguing sci-fi concepts such as temporal paradoxes and wormholes. More importantly, unlike some other sci-fi films that get carried away with cold concepts, eye-popping effects and forget to dwell on emotion, Interstellar keeps its focus on its characters, especially Cooper, and the emotional impact space travel has on them, which can be both terrifying and wondrous.

Honorable Mentions:

2010; The Black Hole; Capsule; Contact; Destination Moon; First Man; A Million Miles Away; The Midnight Sky; Moon; The Right Stuff; Robinson Crusoe on Mars; Solaris; Space Cowboys; Spaceman; WALL-E

José Soto

Apr 11 2026

Artemis II Heralds Resumed Moon Missions With The Promise Of More Space Exploration

As a kid growing up in the ‘70s, there were few things cooler than knowing that we landed on the moon. It was a whirlwind era of excitement for kids as we waited for the next moon landing. We had other obsessions in that time like Mego action toys, G.I. Joe figures and TV shows like the Six Million Dollar Man and Space: 1999. But right in the mix was something even bigger: the moon missions-until one day, I noticed we weren’t sending anymore astronauts to the moon.

What happened a few years ago for me at the time was beginning to be a thing of a distant past. IN 1972, the Apollo space missions ended. A lot of us thought they were merely on hiatus. By 1976, we celebrated the nation’s bicentennial but without any further lunar missions as the number of lunar missions that year was a big zero. At a family trip to Cape Kennedy (which had since been renamed by Cape Canaveral, its original name) and the Kennedy Space Center, I remember the experience in awe. They had rockets everywhere and spaceships that sent people to the moon. But what dampened the experience for me was that in my visit, the Apollo era had ended.

Over the years we’ve been through a long stretch of futurist speculations and promises seen on the covers of magazines such as Popular Science and Omni, and sci-fi TV shows. We’ve had robotic missions to nearby planets that captured our imaginations and the space shuttles missions which helped construct the International Space Station. But these suborbital missions did not really captivate us like the Apollo missions since it did not seem like we were advancing towards a permanent presence on the moon and beyond. Setbacks like the Challenger disaster and political squabbles over NASA’s budget didn’t help either. Yes, we made advances with satellites and robotic missions but they seemed uneventful for most of us.

That all changed 54 years after the last Apollo mission when the Artemis II mission reignited that wonder with its 10-day journeyed around the moon and farther out in space than any human has journeyed, which captured sights unseen since time began.

It all started on April 1, 2026 when astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hensen launched onboard the Orion spacecraft called Integrity to the moon. In addition to this being the first time humanity left near Earth orbit since the early 70s, the mission established many historic firsts: the first multinational crew to go to the moon, the first woman, the first person of color, the first non-U.S. cititzen and more importantly the furthest out into space that any human has journeyed. This happened during the climax of the trip when the Artemis II astronauts headed out past the dark side of the moon and captured spectacular images that will certainly inspire future generations. Their journey unexpectedly captivated the world as this peaceful mission showed the best of humanity thanks to the personable messages and images the Artemis II crew conveyed to the world from the cramped Integrity. Their voyage provided us with much needed relief and renewed hope for humanity as it is embroiled in needless wars, pandemics, crumbling economies and criminal political leaders. There may be some hope for us, yet.

Now that the Artemis II crew returned safely to Earth, their mission was more than just a historic event—it’s our return to the dreams our generation grew up with, and hope to have again. Just like the Apollo heroes, the Artemis II crew are paving the way of something even bigger—our next leap into space exploration. Alongside our childhood nostalgia, what truly fuels the Artemis II mission is how far we’ve come.

The privatization of space, with players like SpaceX, Boeing and Blue Origin, has opened up competition and innovation with space. Advances in computing, AI, and engineering, plus what we learned from past missions have reignited a new era for space exploration. This will include a lunar landing in 2028 and hopefully the establisment of a moon base in 2030. From there we can start to seriously conisder missions to Mars and beyond within the next few decades. What once was paused after the Apollo misisons ended, have been rekindled as humanity races back to the moon…and goes beyond.

Steven L. Walterson

Oct 7 2025

Good Boy and Other Pets In Horror Films and TV Shows

Indy, the canine star of the horror film Good Boy, brings attention to the presence of beloved pets in various horror films and TV shows. It can be said their inclusion is way to raise the stakes of the terror faced by the film’s main characters, as with Good Boy. But these animals can have more complex roles in horror films and TV shows.

Other times, the animals wind up playing a pivotal or even a heroic role as with Nanook, the malamute that helps his owner fight off the title vampires in The Lost Boys. In Nanook’s case, his crow-pleasing moment came when he pushed a vampire into a tub full of holy water and garlic. Another example is the dog Thor in Bad Moon. It’s another horror film told from the POV of a dog, in this case, Thor faces off against a werewolf, who tragically was his owner when in human form. Then there is the title character in Frankenweenie, a dead dog who was revived by his grieving owner. Also, let’s not forget Kojak (formerly “Big Steve”), a retriever featured in The Stand who wound up playing an important role late in the TV mini-series when he helped care for the main character Stu Redman after he was badly injured.

These pets are often imperiled by the supernatural forces that threaten the main characters, and sadly these beloved animals wind up becoming victims. There are too many to go into here, but some standouts include Tank, the terrier, from V/H/S 2, Churchill, the cat in Pet Semetary, and Samantha, the German shepherd in I Am Legend, who gave her life defending her owner against mutants before she had to be put down when she began to mutate.

On the other hand, there are many horror films and TV shows where the beloved family pet becomes a source of danger to humans. The best example of this is with Cujo, where a docile St. Bernard becomes a vicious killer that threatens his owner and her child. Other examples include several dogs in Day of the Animals, various pets in the TV show Zoo, and the title dog in Man’s Best Friend.

We get very alarmed and feel uneasy whenever beloved pets put themselves at risk to defend their human families. It is second nature for dogs to act as guardians for us even though they are at risk whenever tackling the supernatural. This was very prevalent in Good Boy as Indy tries his best to protect his owner Todd from a malevolent spiritual force that haunts Todd. It must be mentioned that the animals’ ability to sense the supernatural before the humans could make them more vulnerable to looming threats.  What was even more distressing in Good Boy was that only Indy was aware of this evil force and was unable to communicate this danger to Todd unlike another human.

The inability to adequately communicate with humans is part of what makes the animals’ dilemma so engaging. Another example of this was in the film Cat’s Eye, where a stray cat is involved in three separate stories, and becomes the hero in the last segment. In that story, the cat (now named “General”) defends a young girl from an evil troll trying to steal her soul. What made General’s job more difficult was that he was the only one who sensed the troll’s presence, and he could not communicate to the girl’s parents about her imperilment.  

What made Good Boy such a standout from your standard haunted house story was that the film was told from the POV of Indy. We are able to empathize with Indy not just because he was a loveable dog but because of how his worldview was presented. We never fully see the faces of the human characters or hear their dialogue clearly; Indy is also able to get into the dark corners of his owner’s home to get more details about the otherworldly threat, which a person could never do. Essentially, through Indy’s eyes, we get a better sense of the ghostly presence haunting Indy’s owner.

Also, the stakes of danger are raised since Indy is more vulnerable to the supernatural presence. Unlike a human who could find out how to combat the supernatural threat and use tools, Indy and other animals only have their own instinct and natural abilities to combat the threat. Sometimes that is not enough. That is why films and TV shows featuring pets like Good Boy are so captivating.

Aug 30 2025

Jaws: Still Terrified Of The Water 50 Years Later

One of the things this summer movie season will be remembered for is for being the 50th anniversary of the first blockbuster summer movie, Jaws. It’s not an exaggeration to say this movie changed the film industry forever.

The 50th anniversary of Jaws was this past June, but the film is having special screenings in theaters this Labor Day weekend to celebrate the event. If you’re lucky, your local theater will have the film in 3D or some other upscale format like IMAX. What is surprising is that the upscale of the film actually holds up and the genius of the filmmakers, including its director, is the reason why with the way the scenes were filmed.

Everyone knows Jaws was one of master director Steven Spielberg’s earliest works and is still considered one of his finest films. Thanks to his brilliant directing skills, Jaws was elevated from a standard thriller into a masterpiece of adventure and horror. Plus, it made many viewers afraid or at least wary about going into the water during beach visits.

Jaws excelled at creating a sense of dread and unease with the way the ominous ocean was filmed as it hid the terror of the great white shark that feasted on the hapless citizens of Amity. This uneasiness with the mysterious ocean hit us right at the start of the film when a drunk young woman foolishly went for an evening swim; something you must never do, sharks and other water predators are at their most active at this time. She was attacked by an unknown, unseen force that turned out to be an unusually large great white shark that would go on to terrorize the town of Amity. The scene where she was attacked was punctuated with unsettling dark imagery, John Williams’ iconic score and the fact we never saw the shark. Not revealing the shark until later exploited our fear of the unknown, and increased our anticipation of finally seeing it when the film’s heroes, Amity Police Chief Martin Brody (Roy Scheider), marine biologist Matt Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss), and the salty shark hunter Quint (Robert Shaw), confronted the great white terror.

An important reason why Jaws worked so well was that Steven Spielberg was forced to keep the shark offscreen for most of the film. That was because the mechanical shark built for the film rarely worked and Spielberg had to work around this by implying the shark’s presence. You would hear the haunting bars of John Williams’ Jaws theme to announce the shark’s presence, just offscreen. You would see quick shots of the shark’s fin or a blurry image of the shark just underneath the surface or later in the film when the shark was speared with lines attached to barrels. These were supposed to keep the shark close to the surface as the film’s heroes hunted it. However, it wasn’t too long before the film’s heroes realized the barrels not only were not effective, but whenever the barrels bopped up to the surface, their presence signaled the approach of the invisible enemy and added to the scenes’ tension and suspense.

Spielberg’s challenge with creating suspense and keeping the shark hidden until the pivotal final act helped forge his directing skills early in his career. Of course, he had a miserable experience directing the film and avoided directing films set in the open ocean afterwards. In fact, he was so bothered by his experience that it was only recently that he was able to bring himself to watch the film. He admitted to liking the film. Who knows what he could do with the film if he made it today?

What is incredible about Jaws and one reason why it is held in such high esteem today was that after a few inferior sequels, there have not been any attempts to remake or reboot it. Yes, there are other skilled directors that could film a theoretical Jaws remake today, but they would have to compete with the mystique of the original film. How could a remake distinguish itself and improve upon perfection?

As mentioned above, a major reason why the 1975 film still terrifies us today is because it exploited our collective fear of the unseen. Most directors today would be too tempted to have a CG shark popping out of the water every five minutes. Sure, today’s special effects could easily have the shark out in the open in nearly every scene, but it would not work. We’ve seen this with films like The Meg, the Sharknado films, and Deep Blue Sea, though the latter film has its merits. So, while it is tempting to pine for a Jaws remake it is best for now to leave that idea alone and enjoy the original classic…even though it will leave you too afraid to go into the water 50 years after its release.

Jun 22 2025

The Probability Of 28 Days Later

28 Years Later is the latest entry into the 28 Days Later franchise that jumpstarted the zombie genre over 20 years ago. While technically, the “infected” savages that attack humans are still human and not zombies, they are still deadly savages that quickly overran a nation. The premise in the first film is that an artificial virus derived from the Ebola virus is let loose from a lab and soon wipes out the United Kingdom. This happens in the space of about 28 days as the virus was highly contagious and fast spreading. Once infected, the victims of the Rage Virus, turn into mindless, rage-fueled savages in mere seconds and lose all their humanity as they kill anyone within reach. As terrifying as it seems, is this possible? Not just the virus itself, but the entire premise of the films which culminate in 28 Years Later with the UK and Ireland under permanent quarantine from the outside world.

One of the most disturbing aspects of the Rage Virus is by how quickly it turns victims into murderous monsters in seconds. But this is hard to believe. Sure, this is just a film which requires a suspension of belief, but viruses are not capable of having an instant effect in host bodies. Yes, it can rapidly spread in a host body and symptoms can appear quickly, but viruses need some time to manifest. In reality, an infected person will have some time, as short as hours, to remain cognizant and quarantine or kill themselves to protect their loved ones. So while it’s possible that viruses can quickly spread, as we saw with COVID-19, they would not overrun a country the size of the UK within a month. Not with symptoms being so noticeable. Maybe if the virus mutates to be less noticeable and a viral mutation is something that is shown in 28 Years Later.

Then there is the quarantining of the UK. Again as we’ve seen with COVID-19, cutting off communities, even nations won’t stop the spread of a virus. It will slow it down, but in the end, given how interconnected we are, the Rage Virus would’ve been much more widespread by at least in the timeframe of the first sequel 28 Weeks Later. Actually, this was shown to be the case at the end of that film when it’s revealed that the infected reached Paris, France. On the other hand, given how deadly the Rage Virus is, you can bet the world would have gone to great lengths to keep it from spreading. Also, since the UK is largely a group of islands, in theory the spread of the virus could at least be slowed down with a quarantine, but it would not last. Do not be surprised if future sequels have the virus spreading throughout the world.

When it comes to curbing the virus’s spread, as most of us resorted to wearing face masks and did not deny the virus during the pandemic, people would have adapted to wearing full face masks to keep infectious fluids from entering the body. Of course, this would not protect them from the murderous wrath of an infected who would tear and bite them. Then again perhaps most people would have started wearing protective clothing or body armor. We actually saw one of the main characters doing this in the first film.

Another puzzling point in the franchise is that there seems to be little to no effort to fight the Rage Virus in the scientific field. Aside from a plot point in 28 Weeks Later where the U. S. Army doctor wants to study an asymptomatic victim, before everything went to hell, there is not any mention of attempts to combat the virus. As we saw with the recent real-life pandemic, our society threw massive resources to find a way to treat COVID-19 and were able to devise vaccines in months. Shouldn’t a vaccine have been developed to curb the Rage Virus, especially in the years that passed up to the latest film? We see in the sequels that it is possible to be asymptomatic of the virus and in 28 Years Later, an uninfected child is born from an infected mother. It would probably be difficult to find a cure as we see with AIDS and other viruses, but a vaccine would certainly have been created 28 years after the first film.

Is the Rage Virus and what happens after it spreads likely in the real world? Most likely, no. But the chances are not zero. The virus was artificially created in the film, so who knows if in the future some fool will create a similar virus and it gets loose in our world. It is a disturbing thought and part of the reason why the 28 Days Later films are so captivating while being horrifying.